17 research outputs found
Infrared Emission from Supernova Remnants: Formation and Destruction of Dust
We review the observations of dust emission in supernova rem- nants (SNRs)
and supernovae (SNe). Theoretical calculations suggest that SNe, particularly
core-collapse, should make significant quantities of dust, perhaps as much as a
solar mass. Observations of extragalactic SNe have yet to find anywhere near
this amount, but this may be the result of observa- tional limitations. SN
1987A, in the process of transitioning from a SN to an SNR, does show signs of
a significant amount of dust forming in its ejecta, but whether this dust will
survive the passage of the reverse shock to be injected into the ISM is
unknown. IR observations of SNRs have not turned up significant quantities of
dust, and the dust that is observed is generally swept-up by the forward shock,
rather than created in the ejecta. Because the shock waves also destroy dust in
the ISM, we explore the question of whether SNe might be net destroyers, rather
than net creators of dust in the universe.Comment: Published in the Springer Handbook of Supernova
A dust-enshrouded tidal disruption event with a resolved radio jet in a galaxy merger
Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are transient flares produced when a star is ripped apart by the gravitational field of a supermassive black hole (SMBH). We have observed a transient source in the western nucleus of the merging galaxy pair Arp 299 that radiated >1.5 × 1052 erg in the infrared and radio but was not luminous at optical or x-ray wavelengths. We interpret this as a TDE with much of its emission reradiated at infrared wavelengths by dust. Efficient reprocessing by dense gas and dust may explain the difference between theoretical predictions and observed luminosities of TDEs. The radio observations resolve an expanding and decelerating jet, probing the jet formation and evolution around a SMBH
Production of dust by massive stars at high redshift
The large amounts of dust detected in sub-millimeter galaxies and quasars at
high redshift pose a challenge to galaxy formation models and theories of
cosmic dust formation. At z > 6 only stars of relatively high mass (> 3 Msun)
are sufficiently short-lived to be potential stellar sources of dust. This
review is devoted to identifying and quantifying the most important stellar
channels of rapid dust formation. We ascertain the dust production efficiency
of stars in the mass range 3-40 Msun using both observed and theoretical dust
yields of evolved massive stars and supernovae (SNe) and provide analytical
expressions for the dust production efficiencies in various scenarios. We also
address the strong sensitivity of the total dust productivity to the initial
mass function. From simple considerations, we find that, in the early Universe,
high-mass (> 3 Msun) asymptotic giant branch stars can only be dominant dust
producers if SNe generate <~ 3 x 10^-3 Msun of dust whereas SNe prevail if they
are more efficient. We address the challenges in inferring dust masses and
star-formation rates from observations of high-redshift galaxies. We conclude
that significant SN dust production at high redshift is likely required to
reproduce current dust mass estimates, possibly coupled with rapid dust grain
growth in the interstellar medium.Comment: 72 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables; to be published in The Astronomy and
Astrophysics Revie